Department Of Chemistry Research Articles

Characterization of Mulberry Stalk Biochar and its Impact on Soil Nutrients Release

An incubation study was conducted with graded levels of biochar to know the soil nutrients release till 120 days after incubation at Department of Soil Science and Agricultural chemistry, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru during 2021. The experiment consisted of 4 treatments replicated five times and was laid out in a completely randomized design. The mulberry stalk biochar was characterized and recorded a pH of 8.53 and Electrical conductivity of 0.39 dS m-1. The physical properties like bulk density (0.32 Mg m-3) and maximum water holding capacity (93.14 %) were measured. Mulberry stalk biochar had 69.37 per cent of total carbon, 0.89 per cent Nitrogen, 0.22 per cent Phosphorus, 0.65 per cent Potassium and secondary nutrients like Calcium of 0.96 per cent, 0.48 per cent Magnesium and 0.18 per cent sulphur and micronutrients like Iron (493 mg kg-1), Zinc (34.59 mg kg-1), Manganese (94.1 mg kg-1), copper (20.55 mg kg-1) and boron (33.5 mg kg-1) were recorded. It was observed that with increased levels of biochar application to soil from 5 to 10 t ha-1 positively influenced the nutrient release pattern in the soil. Higher primary, secondary and micronutrients were recorded with application of biochar @ 10 t ha-1 (T3) at 60, 90 and 120 days after incubation and lower values were recorded in control treatment (T4).

The effect of chem-preneurship-based project learning on students creativy

21st-century education not only involves aspects of knowledge but also emphasizes aspects of skills, such as critical thinking skills, creative thinking skills, communication, and collaboration. Creative thinking skills can be developed through contextual learning activities. One type of contextual learning is Chem-preneurship-based Project Learning (CBPL). CBPL trains students to be able to creatively design ideas, make products, design packaging, and do marketing. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the CBPL model. The research method used is descriptive quantitative. The population in this study were students of the 3rd semester of the department of chemistry. The sample of this study was 37 students who took Chem-partnership courses. The data analysis used is nonparametric statistical analysis. The results of the Wilcoxon test on student creativity obtained sig < 0.05, which means there were differences in student creativity before and after CBPL learning was implemented. The average score of students' creativity has increased from 58.83 to 82.34.

Development of Learning Media Integrated Module Application Based on Socio-Scientific Issues Enriched Augmented Reality on Electrolysis Cell Material

This study aims to develop learning media integrated module applications based on socio-scientific issues enriched by augmented reality on electrolysis cell material and test the feasibility and validity of chemistry learning media products developed. The research method used is research and development (R&D) using the 3D model adopted from the 4D model developed by Thiagrajan et al. (1974: 5), which consists of 3 stages, namely: define, design, and development. This research is only limited to the development stage. The instruments used in this research are validation and readability test questionnaires. The validators consisted of 2 people, namely one lecturer from the Chemistry Department of the State University of Malang and one chemistry teacher from SMAN 2 Batu, as media and material experts. The readability test was conducted on 29 undergraduate students of the Chemistry Education class 2022 at the State University of Malang, assuming they had taken the subject during class XII in senior high school. The results showed that the validity of the material and media included very feasible criteria with 98.24% and 96.81%, respectively, in addition to the average of all aspects of the readability test assessed having a percentage of 91.77%.

АНАЛИЗ ФАКТОРОВ РИСКА КСЕРОСТОМИИ И ЗДОРОВОГО ОБРАЗА ЖИЗНИ СТУДЕНТОВ СТОМАТОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ФАКУЛЬТЕТА УРАЛЬСКОГО ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО МЕДИЦИНСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА

Subject. Xerostomia. Objectives. To analyze risk factors, to identify the incidence of xerostomia and a healthy lifestyle of students of the Faculty of Dentistry of the Ural State Medical University (USMU). Methodology. The work was carried out at the Department of Therapeutic Dentistry and Propaedeutics of Dental Diseases, at the Department of General Chemistry of USMU, at the Department of Controlled Systems Modeling of UrFU. The objects of the study were: a questionnaire consisting of two parts and volunteers – students of the Faculty of Dentistry of USMU. The first part of the questionnaire is based on the questionnaire "List of cases of xerostomia" modified by the authors of this study to 12 questions. The second part of the questionnaire (author's) consists of 29 questions on a healthy lifestyle (HLS), which also affect the development of xerostomia. Thus, the total number of questions in the questionnaire was 41. Statistical processing of the results was carried out on a personal computer using the Microsoft Excel 2007 application software package; the reliability of the differences was assessed by the Student's t-distribution using the Statistica 6.0 software package; the confidence interval for mathematical expectation M ± m was determined, where M is the sample average. The differences are considered. Conclusions. Students of the Faculty of Dentistry of USMU adhere to the rules aimed at maintaining the health of the oral cavity: they change their toothbrush (from 3 to 5 times a year – 85%), brush their teeth for at least three minutes (more than 48%) twice a day (77.7%) and use additional means of interdental hygiene (76.7%). 38% indicate dry lips. Dryness in the nose is emphasized by 14.1% of students. "Dry mouth is associated with elevated blood sugar", 2% of the study participants noted. It is advisable to investigate the problem of prevention of dental diseases, individual and professional oral hygiene programs, as well as regular general hygiene measures and the elimination of bad habits among students.

The Implementation of Industrial Work Culture as an Effort to Educate Students' Character in Qualitative Analysis Practical Learning for Grade XI of Analytical Chemistry Department at SMTI Yogyakarta Vocational School

This research aims to implement industrial work culture as an effort to educate students' character in practical learning of Qualitative Analysis for grade XI of Analytical Chemistry Department at SMTI Yogyakarta Vocational School. The research was carried out with a qualitative approach to survey results for students after completing the learning process with a block system lesson schedule, where students must comply with rules or regulations that instill discipline, responsibility and tough character. Students are required to submit practical reports within a certain time limit. The subjects in this research were eleventh-grade students of Analytical Chemistry Department at SMTI Yogyakarta Vocational School, totaling 32 students. The data were analyzed descriptively and present in tabular form. The results of the research showed that the majority agreed with the statements in the questionnaire given, where in the results of the evaluation survey of the block system learning schedule, 68.75% agreed that practical learning with the block system could improve student discipline and 31.25% strongly agreed. 59.38% agreed that practical learning with the block system could increase student’s endurance (physical and mental endurance) and 34.38% strongly agreed. 50.00% agreed that practical learning with the block system could train students to manage time and 43.75% strongly agreed. 46.88% agreed that practical learning with the block system could increase student learning motivation and 21.88% strongly agreed. 65.63% agreed that practical learning with the block system could further facilitate student’s level of understanding and 15.63% strongly agreed. Meanwhile, in the survey results regarding the rules for collecting practice reports with a certain time limit, 56.25% agreed that collecting practice reports with a certain time limit could improve student discipline and 31.25% strongly agreed. 59.38% agreed that collecting practice reports with a certain time limit could increase student’s endurance (physical and mental endurance) and 34.38% strongly agreed. 59.38% agreed that practical learning with the block system could train students to manage time and 28.13% strongly agreed. 46.88% agreed that practical learning with the block system could increase student learning motivation and 21.88% strongly agreed. Therefore, it can be concluded that the implementation of industrial work culture in the practical learning for grade XI of Analytical Chemistry Department at SMK-SMTI Yogyakarta Vocational School can be a character education effort, which is supported by the survey results, where the majority agreed with the statements in the questionnaire given to student representatives who were the objects of research

Examining the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Student Employability Skills - an Employer’s Perspective

Like most university learners, students in the Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry at the University of Strathclyde, experienced hybrid learning environments from March 2020 transitioning into hybrid approaches for the full academic year 21/22. As students who were in the early years of their programme at this time, and experienced a shift from traditional education practices are soon to graduate, a short research project was undertaken to better understand the perception of employers on the impact of remote and hybrid learning on current, and future, graduate skills, and competencies. Several employers in the chemical industries were surveyed to rate changes in their perception of, and importance of, key graduate skills and competencies after the pandemic. In general, it was shown that the employers responding to this survey did not show concern about the level of personal, professional, and higher-level cognitive skills developed by students working in remote/hybrid environments during the pandemic. A gap in practical skills was acknowledged as indicated by employers’ viewing students as being less skilled in this area, however the skills gap was not thought to be important with regards to employability. Additionally, employers indicated an increased importance on a student’s ability to develop and demonstrate basic personal and professional skills including communication, collaboration, interpersonal/networking, autonomy, self-management, and resilience. The research suggests programme leaders creating or modifying curricula should place attention on the development of these skills and competencies to ensure students are self-led to successfully transition into the workplace.

History of Crystal Structure Solutions at the Department of Solid State Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague

The history of X-ray crystal structure solutions at the Department of Solid State Chemistry, UCT Prague, is described. The history is presented in three chapters: The beginnings and time of Professor Jan Kašpar (1945–1973), The history in the years 1974–1989, The history in the years 1990 to the present.

Predictors of Global Scientific Literacy of Pre-Service Teachers: A Structural Equation Modeling Study

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship among pre-service science teachers' global scientific literacy and various variables within the scope of the structural equation model. Since the relations among the variables were investigated in the structural model established for this study, correlational research methodology was applied. The application was carried out with 294 pre-service teachers studying in the departments of chemistry, physics, biology and elementary science education of a state university. The data of the study were obtained with the scales of global scientific literacy, the perception of science process skills, the inquiry skills, the self-directed learning readiness in laboratory, the attitude scale towards the laboratory and the personal information questionnaire. Within the framework of structural equation modeling, the causal and relational analyses of the data were examined. The results showed that the proposed model of the relationship among global scientific literacy and the variables predicting global scientific literacy was also found to be compatible with the data, and the entire model was confirmed except for the attitude towards the laboratory. In this context, it can be claimed that these variables play an essential role in pre-service teachers’ being global scientifically literate.

Characteristics of HIF-1Α and HSP70 MRNA Expression, Level, and Inter-leukins in Experimental Chronic Generalized Periodontitis.

Periodontal diseases are a rather complex problem of modern dentistry and do not have only medical but also social significance. The objective of this study is to weigh the effect of a mixture of Thiotriazoline and L-arginine (1:4) on the parameters of the system of endogenous cytoprotection of blood and periodontal illness in rats with experimental chronic generalized periodontitis and substantiate further study of this blend. The study aimed to evaluate the impact of a combination of Thiotria-zoline and L-arginine (in a ratio of 1:4) on the parameters of the endogenous blood cytoprotection system and periodontium in rats with experimental chronic generalized periodontitis. A group of outbred rats weighing 190-220 g and sourced from the vivarium of the Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology of the Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine were divided into four groups, each consisting of 10 animals. 1) Intact group, animals that were injected intragastrically with a solution of sodium chlo-ride to chloride 0.9% for 30 days; 2) control, animals with experimental CGP who intragastrically sodium chloride solution 0.9% for 30 days; 3) animals with experimental CGP were injected intramuscularly with Thiotriazoline + L-arginine (1:4) in a dosage of 200 mg/kg (30 days). 4) animals with experimental CGP, for which daily intragastric reference drug Mexidol, in dosage 250 mg/kg (30 days). In this study, we utilized two substances: Thiotriazoline and L-arginine hydrochloride. The com-bination of Thiotriazoline and L-arginine (in a ratio of 1:4) was prepared at the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry of ZSMU. At the conclusion of the experiment, the rats were carefully removed from the study while under thiopental-sodium anesthesia, and administered at a dosage of 40 mg/kg. We have found that the administration of a combined preparation of Thiotriazoline with L-arginine to rats with CGP leads to a significant decrease in the blood concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1b and TNF-a by 56.1% and 71%, respectively. The administration of Mexidol at a dosage of 250 mg/kg, as well as the combination of Thiotriazoline and L-arginine in a ratio of 1:4 at a dosage of 200 mg/kg, resulted in a significant reduction in gingival pocket depth in animals with CGP. Specifically, the gingival pocket depth was reduced to 6 mm (p<0.05) with Mexidol and further reduced to 4 mm (p<0.05) with the combination of Thiotriazoline and L-arginine. Additionally, the animals exhibited minimal bleed-ing, swelling, and tooth mobility when treated with the combination of Thiotriazoline and L-arginine. The administration of a combination of Thiotriazoline and L-arginine (in a ratio of 1:4) at a dos-age of 200 mg/kg to animals with CGP resulted in a noteworthy reduction in the blood concen-tration of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1b and TNF-a. Specifically, there was a significant de-crease of 56.1% (p<0.05) in IL-1b and 71% (p<0.05) in TNF-a levels. The course administration of a combination of Thiotriazoline and L-arginine (1:4) (200 mg/kg) to animals with CGP led to an increased expression of HSP70 mRNA (p<0.05) in the periodon-tium by 8.2 times and HIF-1a mRNA by 8.2 times. 2.8 times (p<0.05) against the background of an increase in the blood concentration of HSP70 by 95% (p<0.05). Also, in the periodontium of animals in this group, a decrease in the expression of c-Fos mRNA by 36.7% (p<0.05) was found compared to the control group.

Remote teaching as the catalyst for change in teaching values and practices: experiences of instructors within one chemistry department during the COVID-19 pandemic

This study examines the unique challenges and transformations in higher education instruction during the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on a strategic response from one chemistry department. The COVID-19 pandemic created many obstacles to providing quality instruction. To support chemistry instructors during the challenging transition to remote teaching, the leadership within one chemistry department created an initiative to ease feelings of isolation and support instructors in undergraduate teaching. Within this manuscript, we triangulate recordings of instructors’ discussions about remote teaching, course syllabi, and open-ended surveys to understand the teaching experiences of the instructors within this department during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our findings expose various points of tension instructors faced and demonstrate how the pandemic and the departmental initiative changed instructors’ teaching values. Despite the unfortunate context of the pandemic, these data reveal how this department-wide initiative has impacted the instructors and the department’s climate around teaching, which underscores the importance of collaborative efforts in navigating unprecedented educational challenges.

Teaching Experimental Instrumental Analytical Chemistry Are we forming professionals, training operators or illuding students (and ourselves)?

Teaching Experimental Instrumental Analytical Chemistry Are we forming professionals, training operators or illuding students (and ourselves)?

Preface

This volume contains a unique collection of papers presented at The International Conference on Advanced Materials and Fluid Mechanics (ICAMFM-2023) which was held on November 23-24, 2023 at BNM Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, India in hybrid mode organized by the departments of Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, and Mechanical Engineering. The goal of the conference was to bring together professionals, academicians, scientists, researchers, and experts from India and other countries. This conference was dedicated to Dr. A P J Abdul Kalam in recognition of his contributions to the field of Material Science.In the rapidly evolving landscape of materials science and fluid mechanics, this conference served as a dynamic platform for the exchange of innovative ideas, ground-breaking research findings, and collaborative discussions. The diverse range of topics covered in this conference reflects the interdisciplinary nature of these fields and highlights the collective effort to address current challenges and explore future opportunities.The conference brought together leading experts, academicians, and industry professionals from around the globe, fostering a rich tapestry of perspectives and insights. The engaging presentations, interactive discussions, and networking opportunities facilitated during the event have undoubtedly contributed to the growth and advancement of knowledge in these crucial domains.We are immensely grateful to the keynote speakers, session chairs, and all participants for their invaluable contributions that made this conference a resounding success. The dedication and enthusiasm demonstrated by each attendee have not only enriched our understanding of advanced materials and fluid mechanics but have also inspired collaborative endeavors that will undoubtedly shape the future of these fields.We extend our heartfelt gratitude to the management, organizing committee, sponsors, and volunteers who worked tirelessly to ensure the seamless execution of this conference. Their commitment and hard work have played a pivotal role in creating a vibrant and intellectually stimulating environment. Last but not least, we are thankful to the IOP Science for their support, it was not only the support but also an inspiration for organizers.As we reflect on the accomplishments of this conference, we are confident that the knowledge shared and connections forged will continue to resonate in the research community, fostering innovation and advancements in the realms of advanced materials and fluid mechanics.Thank you for being part of this enriching experience, and we look forward to witnessing the continued impact of the knowledge exchanged during the International Conference on Advanced Materials and Fluid Mechanics (ICAMFM-2023).List of Conference General Chairs and Committee are available in this pdf.

Pengaruh Tinggi Muka Air Tanah Gambut terhadap Evolusi Gas CO2

This study aims to determine the effect of the groundwater level on the evolution of CO2 in peat soils if the groundwater table is lowered from a depth of 40 cm (PP No. 57 of 2016 concerning protection and management of peat ecosystems) to a depth of 60 cm. This study was conducted in a greenhouse and Laboratory of Physics, Chemistry and Biology Department of Soil, Agriculture Faculty, ULM. This study was began in October 2021 and continued until February 2022. The research method used was a factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four replications. The factors tested were the water table of the peat at a depth of 0 cm just above the soil surface (T1), 20 cm below the soil surface (T2), 40 cm below the soil surface (T3), and 60 cm below the soil surface (T4). The results of this study showed that the CO2 evolution of peat soil during incubation for 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days at a depth of 20 cm was not significantly different from a depth of 40 cm and 60 cm, but significantly different when the groundwater level was right at the surface soil. The CO2 evolution of peat soils at groundwater levels at the soil surface was lower than water levels 20, 40, and 60 cm below the ground.

HISTORY OF DEVELOPMENTS IN GEOPOLYMER SCIENCE IN NEW ZEALAND: A BRIEF REVIEW

This brief review covers some of the highlights of the research into the chemistry and various applications of aluminosilicate geopolymers carried out in the Chemistry Department of Victoria University of Wellington over the last 20 years. Because these materials are generally amorphous to X-rays, the technique of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance with Magic Angle Spinning (MAS NMR) played a unique and important role in these studies. Many potential applications of geopolymers, were investigated over this period, including their use as structural materials, catalysts for commercially important organic reactions, bioactive materials and photoactive materials. Most of the initial work was carried out on clay-based starting materials because of their purity, but more practical materials were also developed, based on the by-products of industrial processing (fly ash, blast furnace slag, red mud, etc) This work led to more than 62 published papers in international journals, some of which are discussed here.

Toward Cleaner Ecosystems; Elimination of Paracetamol Drug via Mesoporous Activated Carbon Date Pits

The purpose of this study is to remove pharmaceuticals drugs from water due to high potential impact on human health. Specifically, non-prescriptive drugs like paracetamol drug, which cause infections to various human organs like liver, kidneys and immunity system. Activated carbon (AC) was synthesized from date pits via thermal and chemical carbon activation using air at high temperature and phosphoric acid respectively, three ratios of (AC:Acid) were prepared to adsorb the most commonly used antipyretic and analgesic drug "Paracetamol" from aqueous solutions. The experiments were done in the department of Chemical Engineering and department of Chemistry, between September 2018 and August 2019. Characterization of the activated carbon (AC) was carried out through surface area analysis (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), spectroscopic Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), thermal (Thermogravimetric analysis TGA) and derivative thermogravimetry (DTG), and microscopic (scanning electron microscopy SEM) techniques. Several parameters for Paracetamol adsorption from aqueous solutions were tested, and the optimum parameters were as follow: contact time= 150 min, pH= 7.0, temperature= 25ºC, (AC:Acid) ratio = 1:1. The equilibrium data were fitted to different adsorption isotherms, the two-step Langmuir isotherm gave the best fit to the data, and the pseudo-second-order model represented the adsorption process as dynamic studies illustrated. Thermodynamic parameters showed the process was exothermic (-15.7 kJ/mol) and physisorption. The results of the experiments showed the removal efficiency using AC (1:1) ratio was 92.9%, and the entire removal was attained using 16 g/L. The maximum paracetamol uptake at equilibrium was 165 mg/g. The used carbon in the adsorption process can be cleaned and reused again (regeneration), the regeneration efficiencies were 60% for hot water method and 68% for methanol method. This clearly helps toward cleaner ecosystems.

Making it organic: the Garg Lab’s approach to excellence in research while teaching the next generation of chemists

Making it organic: the Garg Lab’s approach to excellence in research while teaching the next generation of chemists The Garg Lab, nestled within UCLA’s Chemistry and Biochemistry department, is a pioneering force in organic chemistry research. Under the guidance of Professor Neil Garg, the Lab has achieved breakthroughs in synthetic methodologies, notably contributing to the total synthesis of complex molecules like lissodendoric acid and (-)N-Methylwelwitindolinone C isonitrile. This accomplishment showcases the Lab’s commitment to advancing the field.

Flow Characteristics in Partly Vegetated Channels: An Experimental Investigation

In this study, we attempt to experimentally investigate the flow turbulence structure in a partly vegetated channel. To achieve the objective of this study, we conducted extensive measurements of flow velocities within and outside the vegetated area, where the flow is fully developed. The experiments were conducted in a very large channel at the Coastal Engineering Laboratory of the Department of Civil, Environmental, Building Engineering and Chemistry at the Polytechnic University of Bari, Italy. The instantaneous three flow velocity components were accurately measured using a 3D-Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV)-Vectrino system at high frequency. Flow behaviors through the vegetated area, at the interface, and in the unobstructed area were analyzed via time-averaged velocities, turbulence intensity, correlation properties, spectral analysis, and vortex identification. Experimental results showed the development of three distinct characteristic flow zones: (i) a vegetated area of low streamwise velocity, high turbulence intensities, dominant inward interactions, and more intense power spectrum, (ii) a shear layer zone of increasing streamwise velocity, more enhanced transverse flow motion, exponential decrease in turbulence intensities, and frequent ejection and/or outward interaction events, and (iii) a free-stream zone of higher and almost constant streamwise velocity, lower turbulence intensities, frequent sweep and/or inward interaction events, and less intense streamwise power spectrum. The results brought further insights into the flow behaviors in these characteristic flow zones. The extensive and detailed measured data can provide a basis for improving and calibrating numerical simulations of partly vegetated channels.

Development and Characterization of Multi-Nutrient Formulations for Organic Farming

The study was to develop multi-nutrient formulations for organic farming containing all the essential macro and micronutrients. The experimental design selected was completely randomized design with 8 treatments and 3 replications. The experiment was conducted in the Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Kerala between Jan 2021-May 2021. Multi-nutrient formulations were developed using various organic nutrient sources like blood meal, soybean meal, rock phosphate, steamed bone meal, potassium sulfate, langbeinite, epsom salt, and borax permitted by National Programme for Organic Production. Formulations were prepared by mixing nutrient sources considering the nutrient requirement of nendran banana (N:P2O5:K2O @ 300:115:450 g plant-1) and the soil fertility status. The formulations were characterized for their physical, chemical and biochemical properties. On the basis of character analysis and principal component analysis the formulation F1 containing blood meal, rock phosphate, potassium sulfate, epsom salt and borax was found superior to other formulations. This was followed by F3 which contains blood meal, steamed bone meal, potassium sulfate, epsom salt and borax. Formulation F1 had 3.73 g cm-3 bulk density, 2.67% moisture content, 6.5 pH, 3.23 dSm-1 EC, 29.43% OC, 7.21% N, 2.71% P, 10.78% K, 5.98% Ca, 0.35% Mg, 4.45% S, 1174.11 mg kg-1 Fe, 4.53 mg kg-1 Mn, 13.55 mg kg-1 Zn, 8.65 mg kg-1 Cu and 93.67 mg kg-1 B. It also contained 45.04% crude protein, 2.95% humic acid and 3.55% fulvic acid. The formulation F3 had 7.47 pH, 3.37 dSm-1 EC, 28.34% OC, 7.11% N, 2.68% P, 10.68% K, 2.05% Ca, 0.32% Mg, 4.37% S, 1163.41 mg kg-1 Fe, 4.87 mg kg-1 Mn, 14.52 mg kg-1 Zn, 9.05 mg kg-1 Cu and 96.33 mg kg-1 B. Hence multi-nutrient formulation F1 based on its nutrient supplying capacity can be recommended as a nutrient source for organic farming.

Helmholtz and the Conservation of Energy: Contexts of Creation and Reception

Helmholtz and the Conservation of Energy: Contexts of Creation and Reception

Helmholtz and the Conservation of Energy: Contexts of Creation and Reception

Helmholtz and the Conservation of Energy: Contexts of Creation and Reception